Subjects participated in a 4-week within-subject, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of long-acting OROS MPH (Concerta®, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Titusville, NJ), during which children were randomly assigned to one of six dosing schedules (see Froehlich et al.27 (link) for exact dosing schedules) that included three active dosage weeks (18, 27, or 36 mg for children ≤ 25 kg [n = 31]; 18, 36, or 54 mg for children > 25 kg [n = 132]) and one week of placebo. Of note, the dosages used in this study are FDA-approved for use with children ≥6 years old and are identical to the doses examined in other trials examining the impact of OROS MPH on sleep15 (link), 22 (link), 23 (link). The randomization schemes were randomly selected with the following two rules in place: (1) children could not begin Week 1 of the medication trial on anything higher than 18mg, and (2) children could not go from placebo to 54mg on consecutive weeks. Study medication consisted of identical capsules filled with an inert white powder (placebo) or the prescribed dose of Concerta® over-encapsulated to preserve the double-blind design. At the end of each week, parents completed the VADPRS30 (link) and Pittsburgh Side Effects Rating Scale (PSERS)31 (described below).