Immunoblots and immunoprecipitation were performed as previously described 16 (link), 19 (link). Rabbit antibodies p-AMPKα (Thr172), AMPKα, Tubulin, acetyl-lysine, LKB1 and horseradish peroxidase-linked secondary antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA). ALDH2 antibody was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The Zeba™ Micro Spin Desalting Columns 7K MWCO (Thermo Fisher, #89877) and Pierce Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) Kit (Thermo Fisher, #26149) were used for Co-IP experiments.