Viral RNA from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs was extracted from 200 μL of the supernatant using the MagNA Pure 96 extraction system (Roche, Manheim, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The extracted RNA was quantified by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using previously described protocols (28 (link)). The Ct values were converted into infectious units equivalent to EID50/ml using a standard curve.
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