Baseline Characteristics of CKD Patients

Baseline characteristics were recorded by clinical research associates from medical files or by interview. Data included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hypertension (patients having an office blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg or an antihypertensive treatment), cardiovascular history (coronary artery disease, arrhythmic disorders, congestive heart failure, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and/or valvulopathy), diabetes (diabetes history or antidiabetic treatment or glycated hemoglobin ≥ 6.5% or fasting glycemia ≥ 7 mmol/l or non-fasting glycemia ≥ 11), gout history, dyslipidemia, primary kidney disease, time since CKD diagnosis (time elapsed from the date of CKD diagnosis found in the medical record and the cohort entry), number of consultation in the previous year with nephrologist and dietician, treatment (urate-lowering therapy (ULT), diuretics, antiplatelet agents, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi)), laboratory data (serum creatinine, eGFR estimated by the CKD-EPI equation, serum UA, albuminemia, C-reactive protein and, albuminuria—or equivalent—classified according to the KDIGO 2012 guidelines¹⁶ ), salt intake (estimated by 24-h natriuresis) and protein intake (estimated by 24-h urinary urea)^{17 (link)}, medication adherence according to the Girerd score in categories (good, minimal and poor)^{18 (link)}, health literacy according to their need for help reading medical documents (never need vs always or partly need)^{19 (link)} and type of center (university, non-university hospital, private non-profit and private for-profit clinic).