Preparations and characteristics of MWCNT and SiO2 particles are the same as described above and as previously described (Hamilton et al., 2012 (link); Jessop et al., 2017 (link)). Briefly, both particles were prepared fresh in dispersion media vehicle (DM; 0.6 mg/ml mouse serum albumin [Sigma-Aldrich] and 0.01 mg/ml 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine [Sigma-Aldrich] in PBS). The particle suspensions were sonicated (550 watts, 20 kHz, 5 min, 35% amplitude) in a cup-horn sonicator.