Color Doppler ultrasound (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) was used as the diagnostic method for CAD. Experienced sonographers were blinded to all clinical information performed in the evaluation. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid plaque were recorded during the ultrasound examination; IMT was defined as the distance between the leading edge of the first and second echo lines of the distant arterial wall; the presence of CAP was defined as a local increase in thickness of 0.5 mm or 50% of the surrounding IMT value (15 (link)).
Subjects underwent standard OGTT and IRT tests the following morning after fasting (8-10 hours). After fasting venous blood collection for determination of fasting glucose (OGTT0H) and fasting insulin (IRT0H), patients were instructed to take 75 g of anhydrous glucose within 5 minutes, and blood samples were collected from the anterior elbow vein at intervals of 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes for determination of plasma glucose concentrations (OGTT0.5H, OGTT1H, OGTT2H, OGTT3H) and serum insulin concentrations (IRT0.5H, IRT1H, IRT2H, IRT3H).
Subjects underwent standard OGTT and IRT tests the following morning after fasting (8-10 hours). After fasting venous blood collection for determination of fasting glucose (OGTT0H) and fasting insulin (IRT0H), patients were instructed to take 75 g of anhydrous glucose within 5 minutes, and blood samples were collected from the anterior elbow vein at intervals of 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes for determination of plasma glucose concentrations (OGTT0.5H, OGTT1H, OGTT2H, OGTT3H) and serum insulin concentrations (IRT0.5H, IRT1H, IRT2H, IRT3H).
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