Total nucleic acid was extracted from the homogenates of Culicoides heads using a Universal Biorobot (Qiagen) with a QIAamp® All Nucleic Acid MDx Kit (Qiagen) following the manufacturer’s recommended instructions. Schmallenberg virus RNA in the resultant extractions was the assessed using a semi-quantitative RT-qPCR targeting the S segment of the genome [1 , 20 (link)]. A Cq cut-off value of < 35 was used to define SBV infection [15 (link)].
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