Rat chondrocytes were collected following previous steps [21 (link)]. Isolated chondrocytes were cultured in DMEM/F12 containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco), 100 U/ml penicillin and streptomycin (Sigma-Aldrich) at 37 ℃ with 5% CO2. For IL-1β induction, chondrocytes were subjected to IL-1β (10 ng/ml, R&D System) for 24 h.
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