This is a prospective observational study on 167 patients with hepatobiliary manifestations who underwent two-stage elective LRP with IPAA for UC from June 2013 to June 2018 at our universities’ hospitals. Inclusion criteria were all patients between 18 and 69 years; men and women with at least one hepatobiliary manifestation. In patients with UC, surgery was decided according to The European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation guidelines on therapeutics in UC[11 (link)]. Exclusion criteria included: Alcohol abuse, severe heart failure or type II diabetes mellitus, complications or death related to LRP operation, liver toxicity of IBD-related medications, active or chronic viral hepatitis, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, drugs-induced steatosis (amiodarone or tamoxifen), morbid obesity or patients undergoing bariatric surgery, immunoglobulin G4-related cholangitis; human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome; tuberculosis; secondary sclerosing cholangitis; cholangiocarcinoma; complications of advanced PSC (hepatic encephalopathy, portal hypertension, hepatorenal syndrome, or hepato-pulmonary syndrome; end-stage liver failure), hypercoagulability status (systemic lupus erythematosus, increased von Willebrand factor or increased homocysteine level), oral contraceptive pills, Grave's disease, dyslipidemia, and previous biliary tract surgery including cholecystectomy.