3D Midfoot Bone Measurements

After WBCT images were obtained with all dissection and loading conditions, images were segmented automatically from manually labeled seed points on each bone (Bonelogic, DISIOR, Paragon 28, Englewood, CO). 3D models were exported from these segmentations and manually inspected for accuracy (Mimics, Materialize, Leuven, Belgium). Seg mented images were used to generate digitally reconstructed radiographs and automatically calculate specific angle and distance measurements in the midfoot (Bonelogic, DISIOR, Paragon 28, Englewood, CO). The nine midfoot measurements calculated and analyzed were the M1-M2 intermetatarsal angle in the axial and sagittal planes, TMT1 and TMT2 angles in the axial and sagittal planes, TMT1 minimum joint space, M1 torsion, and M1 internal rotation (Figure 1).