Silica-coated SPIONs were synthesized by coprecipitation from aqueous solutions of iron salts, as described in detail elsewhere [81 (link),82 (link),83 (link)]. Then, the surface of the NPs was functionalized by addition of citric acid and coated with a ~4 nm thick silica shell as described in our published studies [84 (link),85 (link),86 (link),87 (link)]. The silica-coated SPIONs were characterized by TEM, DLS, and zeta potential measurements. Samples for TEM analysis were prepared by drying the aqueous suspension of silica-coated SPIONs at room temperature on a transparent carbon film on a copper grid, and images were acquired using a JEOL 2100 microscope (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Suspension of silica-coated SPIONs in serum-free medium (c = 1 mg/mL; pH = 7.91) was monitored by electrokinetic measurements of zeta potential (Anton Paar GmbH, Litesizer 500, Graz, Austria) and hydrodynamic diameter distribution was determined by DLS (Anton Paar GmbH, Litesizer 500, Graz, Austria).
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