To measure SES, the child’s household poverty level was derived from parent responses about family income. Specifically, parents were asked, “What is the income level of the household that the child lives in? Responses were coded according to federal poverty levels (FPLs), “Household income 0–99% FPL,” “Household income 100–199% FPL,” “Household income 200–399% FPL,” or “Household income 400% FPL or greater/.”
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