The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio approved all protocols. Female C57BL/6J mice (n=80), proven breeders (one previous litter) and approximately 12 weeks old (The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA) were housed 5 per cage under controlled conditions (25°C, 12-hour light/dark cycle). Starting at 13 weeks of age, animals were fed ad libitum with a control (D12489B, 10.6 kcal% fat) or high fat pellet diet (Western Diet D12079B, 41 kcal% fat) supplemented with ad libitum access to sucrose (20 %) solution (High Fat/High Sugar, HF/HS). The sucrose solution was supplemented with vitamins (Vitamin Mix V10001, 10 gm/ 4000 kcal) and minerals (Mineral Mix S10001, 35 gm/ 4000 kcal). Diets were purchased from Research Diets (New Brunswick, NJ, USA). All animals had free access to water. Daily food intake was determined by weighing remaining food at the end of each week and used to calculate daily caloric intake. Consumption of sucrose solution (20%) by the HF/HS group was recorded every day. When females on the HF/HS diet had increased 25% in body weight they, and age-matched females on control diet, were mated with males on control diet. The presence of a plug represented embryonic day (E) 0.5 and dams were maintained on the respective diets throughout gestation. At E18.5, dams were euthanized for collection of blood and tissue samples or animals were anesthetized and a glucose tolerance test was performed.