The perovskite precursor solution was prepared by dissolving FAPbI3 powder (1.8 M) and MACl (0.63 M, Dyenamo) into mixed solvent of DMF and DMSO (DMF:DMSO = 4:1 v/v, Acros). The perovskite solution was spin coated at 6,000 r.p.m. for 50 s with pouring diethyl ether (1 ml, Acros) as an anti-solvent at 15 s of spin-coat process. Then the substrates were annealed at 150 °C for 10 min in dry air. The DMPESI was dissolved in chloroform (Acros) with different concentration and the solution was spin coated at 4,000 r.p.m. for 20 s on the as-prepared perovskite films and dried on a hot plate at 100 °C for 10 min.
Suo J., Yang B., Mosconi E., Bogachuk D., Doherty T.A., Frohna K., Kubicki D.J., Fu F., Kim Y., Er-Raji O., Zhang T., Baldinelli L., Wagner L., Tiwari A.N., Gao F., Hinsch A., Stranks S.D., De Angelis F, & Hagfeldt A. (2024). Multifunctional sulfonium-based treatment for perovskite solar cells with less than 1% efficiency loss over 4,500-h operational stability tests. Nature Energy, 9(2), 172-183.
Other organizations :
Uppsala University, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, University of Cambridge, University of Warwick, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Linköping University, University of Perugia
Anti-solvent addition time (15 s of spin-coat process)
Annealing temperature (150 °C)
Annealing duration (10 min)
DMPESI concentration in chloroform
DMPESI spin-coating speed (4,000 r.p.m.)
DMPESI drying temperature (100 °C)
DMPESI drying duration (10 min)
dependent variables
Perovskite film formation
DMPESI film formation
control variables
Dry air atmosphere during annealing
Substrate material (not specified)
Annotations
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