Total RNA from cardiac human tissue was homogenized in RNA-Bee (Amsbio, Abbingdon, UK) and the Phenol/Chloroform (Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) extraction protocol was used for the RNA isolation. The Caliper LabChip bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, Ratingen Germany) was used to analyze the purity of the isolated RNA. Quantitative real-time PCR were performed using the Brilliant SYBR Green qPCR master mix (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). The relative amount of target mRNA was determined using the comparative threshold (Ct) method as previously described [34 (link)]. The mRNA contents of target genes were normalized to the expression of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT).
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