96-well plates were coated with purified human integrin αvβ3 (Millipore CC1021, 0.5 μg in 100μl), incubated at 4°C overnight, and blocked with 50 mg/mL BSA for 90 minutes at 30°C. Recombinant human Galectin-3 (R&D Systems 1154-GA-050, 1 μg/well) and test agents were added for a total volume of 50μl, then incubated for 4 hours at 30°C. Wells were washed, fixed with 2% PFA in PBS for 15 minutes at room temperature, washed, and incubated with rat monoclonal Galectin-3 antibody (BioLegend 125401, 0.5 mg/mL diluted 1:100) for 30 minutes on ice. After washing, wells were incubated with secondary antibody (Life Technologies A21210, AF488 rabbit anti-rat IgG diluted 1:200) for 30 minutes on ice. After washing, fluorescence was read using a Tecan Infinite M200 (excitation 485, emission 538) to quantify αvβ3/Galectin-3 binding.