The composition of the leaf constituents was analyzed using a Thermo Finnigan system (Thermo Electron Corporation, USA) tandem with LCQ-Duo ion trap mass spectrometer with an ESI source (ThermoQuest) as described in our previous study [17 (link)]. Separation of constituents was attained using Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 (4.6 × 150 mm, 3.5 μm, Agilent, USA). Gradient eluent is composed of water and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid in each eluent, from 5 to 30% acetonitrile in 60 min, and flow rate 1 mL/min with a split ratio of 1 : 1 to enter the ESI interface. Xcalibur software (Xcaliburۛ 2.0.7, Thermo Scientific) was used to command the machine [13 (link)].
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