Metabolites were extracted in ice-cold methanol. Endogenous metabolite profiles were obtained using two liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods as described [36 (link)]. Data were acquired using a 4000 QTRAP mass spectrometer (Applied Biosystems/MDS Sciex, Nutley, NJ, USA). Multi-Quant software (Applied Biosystems/MDS Sciex, Nutley, NJ, USA) was used for analysis. Metabolite levels were normalized to protein content [37 (link)].
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