Time-Lapse Microscopy of Fungal Conidia

All microscopy experiments were performed on an Axio Observer Spinning Disc Confocal Microscope (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) with 63×/1.2 Oil or 100×/1.4 Oil objectives. 405 nm, 488 nm, and 561 nm laser lines were used to excite the fluorescent proteins. Fungal conidia were grown overnight at 37°C in AMM as adherent cultures in ibidi well chamber slide (ibidi, Gräfelfing, Germany). Time-lapse microscopy was performed with a modified, previously described protocol (30 (link)). The culture was incubated at room temperature during the experiment, lasting for two to three hours. When necessary, fixation of fungal hyphae was achieved with a final concentration of 4% formaldehyde (AppliChem, Darmstadt, Germany). For the A. niger, the expression of strains was induced using up to 20 µg/mL final concentration of doxycycline.