The total DNAs of the plants and associated microbes were extracted from 10 twigs (0.5–1 cm in length) per tree using a DNA extraction kit (Omega Bio-tek, Norcross, GA, USA), and the resultant DNA extracts were evaluated via 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. The DNA concentrations were quantified using a NanoDrop2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and normalized for use as the templates for generating PCR amplicons. Total DNA was extracted from fungal mycelia and cultured on PDA with cellophane using the phenol-based method as described previously [33 (link)].
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