For immunostaining, the following primary antibodies were used: rabbit anti-CENP-A (CID) antibody (active motif 39719; 1:500), sheep anti-CENP-C (Dattoli et al., 2020 (link)); 1:2000), rabbit anti-VASA (Santa Cruz sc-30210; 1:500), rat anti-VASA (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank [DSHB]; 1:500), sheep anti-CAL1 (this study; 1:1000), rabbit anti-SMAD3/5 (pMad; Abcam ab52903; 1:500), DAPI (1:1000), mouse anti-Armadillo (DSHB N2 7A1; 1:700), mouse anti-1B1 (Hts; DSHB; 1:100), mouse anti-BAM (DSHB; 1:50), mouse anti-FIBRILLARIN (Abcam; ab5821; 1:500), mouse anti-HA (ThermoFisher; 26183; 1:500), mouse anti-gamma-tubulin (Abcam; ab44928; 1:500), mouse anti-FASCILLIN III (DSHB 7G10; 1:200), rat anti-mCherry (Chromotek 5F8; 1:200). Sheep anti-CAL1 antibody was raised against CAL1 amino acids 748–979 with a C-terminal His tag produced according to Bade et al. (2014 (link)). Species-specific Alexa Fluor 405, 488, 546, and 647 secondary antibodies were used at a 1:500 dilution.