Western Blot Analysis of Protein Signaling

The detailed procedure of WB was performed according to the previous research [24 (link)]. The primary antibodies applied for immunoblotting included INHBA (Proteintech, China), SMAD2 (ZENBIO, Chengdu, China), Phospho-Smad2-S465/S467 (ABclonal), PI3 Kinase p85 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), Phospho-PI3 Kinase p85 (Cell Signaling Technology), AKT (Cell Signaling Technology), Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (Cell Signaling Technology), GFP (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), and (Utibody, Tianjin, China). Secondary antibodies used in this study were purchased from Proteintech (Wuhan, China). ECL reagents (Cwbiotech, Beijing, China) were used to detect the signals. The original images of all western blots were displayed in Supplementary Fig. S5.