Blood samples for laboratory assays were obtained after at least 8 h overnight fasting. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CREA) were determined by oxidase method (Siemens ADVIA2400, America). Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) was determined by high performance liquid chromatography using automatic analyzer (VARIANTTM‐II, Bio‐Rad, USA) and hsCRP levels were determined with immunoturbidimetric assay (Beckman Coulter IMMAGE 800, America). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by experimental equation: estimated GFR (eGFR) mL/min·1.73 m2 = 186 × (serum creatinine [millimoles per liter] ×0.0113)–1.154 × (Age)–0.203 (×0.742 for female).
Hypertension was defined as a clinic systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg without the use of anti‐hypertensive medications or subjects with a BP <140/90 mmHg but having hypertensive history and currently are taking anti‐hypertensive medication.17 Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was diagnosed if the subject was currently undergoing treatment with insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents, or those with diabetes symptoms with a fasting blood glucose level was ≥7.0 mmol/L or random/2 h after oral glucose tolerance test blood glucose level was ≥11.1 mmol/L or HbA1C ≥6.5%, or the subject has a past history of T2DM.18
Hypertension was defined as a clinic systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg without the use of anti‐hypertensive medications or subjects with a BP <140/90 mmHg but having hypertensive history and currently are taking anti‐hypertensive medication.
