The 5-kDa and 9-kDa small proteins were separated on 13% Tris-Tricine polyacrylamide gels. Proteins of molecular weight larger than 20-kDa were analyzed with 12% Tris-Glycine polyacrylamide gels, and then processed for immunoblotting, following the protocols described before [12 (link),28 (link),32 (link)]. Primary antibodies used included anti-GFP (Thermo, Waltham, MA, USA), anti-LIYV CP, anti-LIYV P26, anti-LIYV P5, anti-LIYV P9, and anti-BiP (Agrisera, Vännäs, Sweden) protein polyclonal antibodies produced in rabbit. The secondary antibody was horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG.
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