After drug intervention or no drug intervention, A549 or A549/DDP cells were lysed and subjected to western blot analysis as a general method [16 (link)]. After treatment, the blots were probed with antibodies against Beclin 1, LC3, p62, cleaved caspase-3, p53, Bax, Bcl-2, FOXO3a, p-FOXO3a Ser253, p-FOXO3a Ser315, and p-FOXO3a Thr32; then, we detected the protein bands with ECL solution (Vazyme, Nanjing, China) using a Tanon 5200 imaging system (Tanon Science & Technology, Shanghai China) [17 (link)].
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