Household surveys followed completion of the UCC and hang-up campaign in seven districts: two in the Southern zone (Nachingwea and Mtwara Urban), three in the Lake zone (Sengerema, Rorya and Chato) and two in the Coastal zone (Kisarawe and Rufij) (A–C, Figure 2 ). Surveys in the Southern zone were done in March and April 2011 (middle of the rainy season), in Lake zone in June 2011 (soon after the rainy season), and Coastal zone in October 2011 (dry season). While most of the previous household surveys were conducted in the dry season, evaluation of the UCC was done during different seasons, which can make it difficult to compare data between zones due to seasonality of net hanging. The objective of the surveys was to assess household ITN ownership and use for different age and risk groups. ITN use is defined as the percentage of a given population group that slept under an ITN the night before the survey.
A total of 887, 592 and 580 households were surveyed in the Lake, Southern and Coastal zones, respectively. The zones were selected in line with the sub-national NATNETS surveys for which provision had been made in the NMCP M&E Plan 2008–2013. Districts within a zone were chosen based on the availability of baseline data from the 2008 NATNETS national survey (Marchant T, Bruce J, Nathan R, Mponda H, Sedekia Y, Hanson K: Monitoring and Evaluation of the Tanzanian National Net Strategy, Report on 2008 NATNETS Household, Facility services and Facility users surveys, unpublished). Sampling at district level was done by selecting 10 clusters (villages) with the selection probability proportional to the size of the village. Within each village, one sub-village was chosen using simple random sampling. Afterwards, 30 households were chosen in each selected sub-village by using a modified EPI-type sampling procedure resulting in a total of 300 households per district. Design of the questionnaire was primarily guided by the U5CC household survey tool and focused on household ownership and use of ITNs among different risk groups (under-fives, pregnant women, all household members). As in the standard Malaria Indicator Survey questionnaires, an ITN was defined as: 1) a factory-treated net that does not require any further treatment (LLIN), or 2) any net that has been soaked with insecticide within the past 12 months [14 ]. Additional questions were added to capture several process indicators specific to the UCC (e g, awareness of the UCC or indicators related to the UCC registration and issuing procedure) (Nathan R, Sedekia Y: Monitoring and Evaluation of the Tanzanian National Net Strategy, Universal Coverage Campaign, Household Survey Report- Coastal zone, Lake and Southern zones, unpublished).
An equity ratio, defined as the value for the lowest wealth quintile divided by the value for the highest wealth quintile, was used to assess equity across socio-economic quintiles. Relative wealth was estimated as an index derived from a combination of the household head’s education, housing conditions, asset ownership of the household and whether the house was rented or not. Weights for the variables were derived using principal components analysis, leading to a continuous variable. Households were then divided into quintiles according to the value of their score, ranging from the poorest (quintile 1) to the least poor (quintile 5) [15 (link)].
A total of 887, 592 and 580 households were surveyed in the Lake, Southern and Coastal zones, respectively. The zones were selected in line with the sub-national NATNETS surveys for which provision had been made in the NMCP M&E Plan 2008–2013. Districts within a zone were chosen based on the availability of baseline data from the 2008 NATNETS national survey (Marchant T, Bruce J, Nathan R, Mponda H, Sedekia Y, Hanson K: Monitoring and Evaluation of the Tanzanian National Net Strategy, Report on 2008 NATNETS Household, Facility services and Facility users surveys, unpublished). Sampling at district level was done by selecting 10 clusters (villages) with the selection probability proportional to the size of the village. Within each village, one sub-village was chosen using simple random sampling. Afterwards, 30 households were chosen in each selected sub-village by using a modified EPI-type sampling procedure resulting in a total of 300 households per district. Design of the questionnaire was primarily guided by the U5CC household survey tool and focused on household ownership and use of ITNs among different risk groups (under-fives, pregnant women, all household members). As in the standard Malaria Indicator Survey questionnaires, an ITN was defined as: 1) a factory-treated net that does not require any further treatment (LLIN), or 2) any net that has been soaked with insecticide within the past 12 months [14 ]. Additional questions were added to capture several process indicators specific to the UCC (e g, awareness of the UCC or indicators related to the UCC registration and issuing procedure) (Nathan R, Sedekia Y: Monitoring and Evaluation of the Tanzanian National Net Strategy, Universal Coverage Campaign, Household Survey Report- Coastal zone, Lake and Southern zones, unpublished).
An equity ratio, defined as the value for the lowest wealth quintile divided by the value for the highest wealth quintile, was used to assess equity across socio-economic quintiles. Relative wealth was estimated as an index derived from a combination of the household head’s education, housing conditions, asset ownership of the household and whether the house was rented or not. Weights for the variables were derived using principal components analysis, leading to a continuous variable. Households were then divided into quintiles according to the value of their score, ranging from the poorest (quintile 1) to the least poor (quintile 5) [15 (link)].
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