Skullcapflavone II Modulates Signaling Pathways

Skullcapflavone II (5-hydroxy-2-[2-hydroxy-6-methoxyphenyl]-6,7,8-trimethoxychromen-4-one) was purchased from ChemFaces (Wuhan, Hubei, China). Antibodies against phospho-ERK, ERK2, p38, and NF-κB p65 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies against phospho-NF-κB p65 (Ser536), phospho-JNK, JNK, phospho-p38, phospho-c-Jun, and c-Jun were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Anti-phospho-tyrosine antibody (clone 4G10) was purchased from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). Anti-collagen type I cleavage-site antibody was purchased from ImmunoGlobe (Himmelstadt, Germany). Anti-GAPDH antibody was purchased from AbClone (Seoul, Korea). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG and rabbit IgG were obtained from KOMA Biotech (Seoul, Korea). Anti-MMP-1 and pro-collagen α1(I) N-propeptide (pN-ColIα1) antibodies were a gift from Dr. Chung, J. H. (Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea) [53 (link)]. Alexa Fluor^® 488 goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) and rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).