Minimally processed data for baseline and 2-year follow-up from the ABCD repository were used. Participants were scanned at 21 sites using 3T Siemens Prisma, General Electric 750 or Phillips scanner. Data acquisition and image processing methods were harmonized between sites and scanners [26 (link), 27 (link)]. T1 scans were processed using FreeSurfer 5.3.0 and the Desikan–Killiany atlas was used for subcortical segmentation and cortical parcellation. Major white matter tracts were labeled using AtlasTrack [28 (link)]. Quality control was conducted following recommendations from the ABCD data team [26 (link)], and full details are in the Supplementary Materials.
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