The assessment of lignin deposition on vascular tissue (xylem) was performed using the method described by Saxena et al. [26 ]. The control and pre-treated chilli plants with bioagents were used for the observation of lignin deposition on cell-wall. After 30 and 60 days of treatment with bioagents, the second internodal region of the stem was selected. The transverse section of the stem of treated and untreated samples was made with hand-cut approx. 0.5 mm thickness with the help of a steel blade. The sections were fixed in 1% (w/v) phloroglucinol solution containing 50% HCl in the ratio of 3:1 and kept for 5 min. After that, the sections were mounted with glycerin on a glass side and covered with a coverslip. The stained tissue was observed under Olympus binocular microscope. The deposition of lignin in stem tissues was examined as red-pink color. The experiment was repeated thrice.
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