Available data were extracted for all 180 strains from the laboratory software (TD-Synergy TECHNIDATA, Montbonnot-Saint-Martin, France), including the year, origin and type of sampling, hospital ward, and carbapenemase-expressing status. In addition, patient information was retrospectively collected, including the patient gender, age, presence of comorbidities, immune status, whether it was a P. aeruginosa infection or colonization, whether or not death occurred (P. aeruginosa-related or not), and antipseudomonal antibiotic therapy administered during hospitalization (before and after P. aeruginosa identification). According to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), the following drugs were considered active against P. aeruginosa for medical use: antipseudomonal penicillins (ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin, and piperacillin-tazobactam), carbapenems (doripenem, imipenem, imipenem-relebactam, meropenem, and meropenem-vaborbactam), monobactams (aztreonam), 3rd- and 4th-generation cephalosporins (cefepime, cefiderocol, ceftazidime, ceftazidime-avibactam, and ceftolozane-tazobactam), aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, and tobramycin), fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin), fosfomycin and polymyxins (colistin and polymyxin B)49 . The P strain P. aeruginosa acquisition type was also determined: community (i.e., the acquisition occurred before or during the first 48 h of hospitalization) or hospital acquired. The Charlson comorbidity index score was calculated using the available tool at https://www.rdplf.org/calculated 50 (link).
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