DXA scans were performed on the whole body to assess total body with head BMD (TB-BMD) and bone mineral content (TB-BMC) and on the lumbar spine to assess spinal BMD (SP-BMD) of L1-L4, using Hologic QDR 4500, Delphi or Discovery (Hologic, Waltham, MA) or Lunar DPX, DPXL or Prodigy (GE Medical Systems, Madison, WI) machines. Fat and lean mass (body composition) measures included total body fat mass (TBF), trunk fat (TrF), extremity (arms and legs) fat (ExF) and extremity lean mass (ExL). The Body Composition Analysis Center at Tufts University School of Medicine analyzed all scans to standardize across machines and clinical sites. [5 (link), 16 (link)] Results were available on 379 of 386 enrollees (four were not ambulatory, two were too heavy for the machine and one had no results).