Escherichia coli BL-21 cells transformed with the pGEX-4T clone were cultured in 200 mL Luria-Bertani (LB) broth and treated with 1 mM IPTG for 3 h. The cells were collected in bacterial solution and lysed by sonication in BugBuster Master Mix (Novagen, San Diego, CA, USA). The lysates were then centrifuged at 13,000 × g and 4°C for 10 min. GST-tagged BRAT1 and GST-tagged WDR1 proteins were purified by glutathione-Sepharose column chromatography (GE Healthcare Life Sciences) and dialyzed as previously described (32 (link), 36 (link), 38 (link)).
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