Polyethylene glycol 400 (0.01 mol) and chloroacetic acid (0.022 mol) were refluxed at 110 °C in the presence of toluene as a solvent and 0.001 wt% P-toluene sulfonic acid. The reaction was finished when the theoretical amount of water was removed. The solvent was vacuum evaporated to obtain a dark brown liquid, product (1).
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