Immunoreactive bands were visualized on the nitrocellulose membranes, using horseradish-peroxidase-linked/coupled donkey anti-rabbit or sheep anti-mouse IgG (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL) and the Clarity max, western ECL substrate (Biorad, Hercules, CA) based on manufacturer’s instructions and exposed to Invitrogen iBrightTM Imaging Systems (Thermo Scientific).
The following Abs were used: anti-pSTAT3, anti-STAT3, anti-pAkt S473/D9E, anti-Akt, anti-pp38 T880/Y182, anti-p38, anti-pp44/42 (ERK1/2) (T202/Y204) and anti-P44/42 (ERK1/2) (all from Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA); anti-Ikb-α (Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, Dallas, TX); anti-actin (Merck Life Sciences). Densitometric analysis was performed using FIJI Image J software.