Total RNA was extracted using the PureLink RNA Mini Kit (Thermo Fisher), followed by cDNA synthesis using M-MuLV Reverse Transcriptase (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA). Quantitative PCR was then performed using TaqMan Fast Advanced Master Mix or PowerUp SYBR Green Master Mix (Thermo Fisher). Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH) or 18S rRNA served as internal controls (8 (link), 25 (link)). Primer sequences are listed in Table S1.
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