Constructs used to produce AAV included pGP-AAV-SYN1-red GECI-WPRE and the cre-recombinase-activated construct pGP-AAV-FLEX-SYN1-red GECI-WPRE. Virus (titer: ~0.7-3x1013 genomes/ml, R-CaMP2 promoter was CaMKII) was slowly injected (25–30 nl over 5 min) through a thinned skull into the primary visual cortex (1–2 injection sites at variable depths; 2.7 mm lateral and 0.2 mm anterior to lambda suture; 250 μm deep for L2/3 imaging, 250 μm and 450 μm for L4 imaging, 500 μm for L5 imaging, and 650 μm and 900 μm for L6 imaging).
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