Cell seeding, collection of protein and western blot methods were previously described (22 (link), 23 (link)). Membranes were probed with the following antibodies: anti-MT1-MMP (Millipore, MAB3328), anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, C65), anti-FAK-(pY397) (BD Biosciences, 611722), anti-FAK (Cell Signaling, D2R2E), anti-ITGB1 (Cell Signaling, D2E5), anti-Cleaved-PARP (Cell Signaling, D64E10), anti-SMAD3-(pS423/S425) and anti-SMAD3 (EP568Y) (Abcam).