Doxorubicin-Loaded Nanomedicine Formulation

1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-mPEG2000), and cholesterol (CHOL) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA). Doxil® was purchased from ALZA Corporation (Mountain View, CA, USA). Doxorubicin hydrochloride, N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (DiPEA), N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-O-(N-succinimidyl) uranium hexafluorophosphate (HSTU), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and gadolinium (III) acetate hydrate (Gd(III) (OAc)₃) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co (St. Louis, MO, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin, paraformaldehyde, and Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) were purchased from Gibco BRL/Life Technologies (New York, NY, USA). Tri-tert-butyl 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate (protected DOTA) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Corporation (TCI, Tokyo, Japan). All other materials were of analytical grade and used without further purification.