Total RNA was isolated from purified cells using an AllPrep DNA/RNA Micro Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). RNA-seq libraries were prepared from 5 ng RNA per sample using the Ovation SoLo RNA-seq System (NuGEN, Redwood City, CA, USA). cDNA fragments of ∼350 bp were obtained by sonication (Bioruptor, Diagenode, Liège, Belgium), fluorescence-controlled PCR amplification, and size selection using AMPure XP Beads (Beckmann Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). Quality and mean fragment size of library samples were assessed using a Bioanalyzer (2100 Bioanalyzer, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA), and libraries were sequenced on Illumina sequencers in paired-end mode.
Sequencing data were analysed using the Galaxy platform.21 (link) RNA-seq reads were trimmed and mapped to the Mus musculus genome (NCBI37/mm9) using STAR.22 (link) After duplicate removal, transcript abundance was estimated as fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments, mapped using Cufflinks.23 (link)