PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cells were maintained in high-glucose DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Cells were pelleted, re-suspended in culture medium supplemented with 2% agarose and loaded into fluorinated ethylene-propylene (FEP) tubing suspended in a water bath (Fig. 1). Cells were exposed to 1 mM sodium cyanide to induce known metabolic perturbations, with images taken every 3 minutes.