Statistical analysis was performed using programs available in the SPSS V.21.0 statistical package (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA). Data are presented as mean±SD or geometric mean with 95% CI as appropriate according to data distribution. Differences among the four groups were tested with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (continuous variables) or χ2 test (categorical variables). Linear regression analyzes with a stepwise procedure were used to assess the cross-sectional association of markers for adiposity including ABSI, BMI, WC, VFA, SFA, and VFA/SFA (V/S) ratio with baPWV. In addition, the correlation of z-scores for these measures was determined as reported previously.12 (link) The following covariates were incorporated into the analysis: age, gender, duration of diabetes, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c, urinary albumin excretion, eGFR, the presence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and the use of insulin, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, statins, and antiplatelet agents. Differences were considered to be statistically significant at a p value <0.05.