Western blot analysis of miRNA target proteins was performed according to the previous report [35 (link)]. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was conducted using a Mini-PROTEIN® System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA., USA) and a 12% gel according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose blotting membrane and probed overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies (1:1000, pSmad 2, Smad 2, pSmad 3, Smad 3, and Smad 4, Bioss; Id1, Santa Cruz; β-actin, Sigma-Aldrich) followed by 1 h at RT by an HRP-conjugated secondary antibody (1:2000, rabbit anti-mouse HRP and goat anti-rabbit HRP, Santa Cruz). Immunolabeled proteins were detected by incubation with enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) substrate, followed by exposure of the membrane to autoradiography film.
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