Intracranial Glioma Models for Heterogeneity Research

Malignant gliomas are tumors characterized by high heterogeneity; therefore, our study used two intracranial glioma models, GL261-5 and GSC-005, to address the possibility of obtaining results due to the specific genetic makeup of a single model. The murine glioma cell line GL261-5 (a clone with slower in vivo growth kinetics compared with GL261, from the Tumor Bank Repository, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA)²³ (link) was cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with nutrient mixture F12 (DMEM/F12) (Corning). Additionally, the murine GSC-005 glioma cells (kindly provided by I.M. Verma, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, CA, USA)⁶¹ (link) were maintained in DMEM/F12 supplemented with N2 (1×, Invitrogen), fibroblast growth factor 2 (20 ng/mL, PeproTech), epidermal growth factor (20 ng/mL, Promega), and heparin (50 μg/mL, Sigma). Cell cultures were further supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (HyCline Laboratories), penicillin (100 μg/mL, Corning), and streptomycin (100 μg/mL, Corning) and were stored under the following conditions: 37°C and 5% CO₂.