Independent breast tissue samples were available from the National Disease Research Interchange (NDRI, GSE74214, n = 18) and The Cancer Genome Atlas Database (TCGA, n = 97) [16 (link)]. Raw intensity data (IDAT) files were available for both studies and DNA methylation data were processed and normalized using the same methods described above. Likewise, raw DNA methylation IDAT files were accessed and processed using the same methods outlined above for both ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 55, GSE66313) and invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 749, TCGA) to compare DNA methylation differences between normal-adjacent tissue and pre-invasive or invasive lesions [8 (link)].
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