For immunohistochemistry, the sections were incubated with mouse anti-CD31 (1:50, Thermo Scientific, MA1-80069, Waltham, United States) diluted in PBS overnight at 4°C after blocking with bovine serum albumin. Then the samples were incubated with a biotinylated secondary antibody followed by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. Positive staining was visualized with diaminobenzidine. The CA1 region was magnified for 40 times and 200 times, captured by a digital camera connected to a microscope (BX512DP70, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). And the number of open microvessels was analyzed with Image-Pro Plus 5.0 software (IPP, Media Cybernetic, Bethesda, MD, United States). Five fields of CA1 region were examined for each animal (Tian et al., 2013 (link)).
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