Patients were given TACE using cytotoxic drugs as determined by a local multi-disciplinary team in accordance with the recommendations of the European/American Association for Liver Disease guidelines [18 (link), 19 (link)].
Conventional TACE was performed through femoral access under moderate sedation using the Seldinger technique [20 (link)]. To cause embolization of the tumour microcirculation, cytotoxic drugs or chemotherapeutic agents suspended in lipiodol were administrated into the tumour-feeding artery with a dose ranging from 5 to 30 mL depending on the location, the size, and the number of lesions. If necessary, gelatin sponge particles (150–350 μm) were injected to block the blood until the flow was static.
Conventional TACE was performed through femoral access under moderate sedation using the Seldinger technique [20 (link)]. To cause embolization of the tumour microcirculation, cytotoxic drugs or chemotherapeutic agents suspended in lipiodol were administrated into the tumour-feeding artery with a dose ranging from 5 to 30 mL depending on the location, the size, and the number of lesions. If necessary, gelatin sponge particles (150–350 μm) were injected to block the blood until the flow was static.
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