Retrospective data of patients that received a diagnosis of PCa in a single Korean province (Daegu-Gyeongsangbuk) at any of the 7 training hospitals in the province during 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, and 2021 were subjected to analysis after obtaining Institutional Review Board approval (approval no. YUMC-2022-04-013). The written informed consent was waived by the board due to the retrospective design of the study. The inclusion criterion was histologically confirmed PCa diagnosed by prostate biopsy. Variables used for PCa risk stratification were; age, initial PSA value before biopsy, the first and second Gleason scores (GS, including Gleason grade groups), clinical stage based on digital rectal examination, and a radiologic evaluation (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and bone scan all of which are fully covered by national medical insurance system), and other variables, which included positive core number and percentages of tumor in biopsy cores. No specific exclusion criteria were applied regardless of the surgical approach used (transrectal or transperineal), biopsy method (ultrasonic- or MRI fusion-based biopsy), or the number of biopsy cores. The final pathologic stages of patients managed by radical prostatectomy were not investigated.