Western Blot Analysis of Protein Markers

Western blot analysis was performed as previously described [6 (link), 29 (link)]. The antibodies were diluted in 3 % blocking agent: anti-phospho-p38 MAPK Antibody (1:1000, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), Anti-PI3K p85 (phosphor Y607) antibody (1:1000, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-phospho-PKA substrate antibody (1:10,000; Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA), anti-phosphotyrosine antibody (PY20, 1:2,500, Abcam), anti- GAPDH antibody (1:1000, Abcam), anti-UQCRFS1 antibody (1:15,000, LSBio, Inc.), anti- PRDX5 antibody (1:2000, Abcam), anti-GPX4 antibody (1:15,000, Abcam), anti-ACTB antibody (1:500, Abcam), and anti-GSTM5 antibody (1:5,000, Abcam). Anti-α-tubulin mouse antibody (1:1000, Abcam) was used as the loading control for all western blots. The proteins on the membranes were detected with by an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) technique using ECL detection reagents.