Glucose concentrations in the medium were determined by HPLC using an Aminex HPX-87H column (Biorad, Hercules, USA) at 60°C with 5 mM H2SO4 as the mobile phase. Phenylacetic acid and penicillinG concentrations were determined by isocratic HPLC using a Platinum EPS C18 column (Alltech, Deerfield, USA) at 30°C. The mobile phase consisted of 5 M acetonitrile with 5 mM KH2PO4 and 6 mM H3PO4.
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