To generate the knockout plasmids, pKOVsmNoxB, pKOVsmPls1 and pKOVsmCrz1, upstream and downstream genomic sequences of these genes were amplified with the corresponding primers (
To produce the complemented strains, including VdΔnoxb/VdNoxB and VdΔpls1/VdPls1, GFP-fused VdNoxB and VdPls1 under the native promoter were introduced into VdΔnoxb and VdΔpls1, respectively. RFP-fused VdKar2 under the Tef promoter were introduced into VdΔnoxb/VdNoxB and VdΔpls1/VdPls1, to detect the location of VdNoxB and VdPls1, respectively. The fusion plasmids were constructed as previously described [22 (link)], and the primers are listed in